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The principle of command and obedience in the Bundeswehr ((ドイツ語:Befehl und Gehorsam)), along with the concept of "citizens in uniform" ((ドイツ語:Staatsbürger in Uniform)), was central to the 1953 idea of "leadership development and civic education" (official translation of (ドイツ語:Innere Führung) 〔(''Zentrale Dienstvorschrift 10/1 "Innere Führung" ), (Joint Service Regulation 10/1 "leadership development and civic education").〕). The revised definition of military orders and obedience, as well as superior-subordinate relations by the former "Amt Blank" (Blank Agency, predecessor of the Federal Ministry of Defense), was a 1950s result of Nazi German excesses. Central aims were the reduction of power to command by superiors and a shared responsibility for obedience by subordinates.〔(''Die Konzeption der Inneren Führung'' ) (German), Zentrum Innere Führung (Center of Leadership Development and Civic Education)〕 == Military orders == A military order is defined in § 2 (2) of the German military penal law ((ドイツ語:Wehrstrafgesetz), WStG) as an: * instruction for a defined behavior (''Anweisung zu einem bestimmten Verhalten'') * given by a military superior to his subordinate * in written, oral or other form (for example, signals or signs) * generally, or in a single case * with claim of obedience (''Anspruch auf Gehorsam'').〔§ 2 (2) WStG "Begriffsbestimmungen"() (German)〕 An instruction might be a military order, if a soldier was a defined military superior by the Ministerial Directive Governing Superior-Subordinate Relations ((ドイツ語:Vorgesetztenverordnung)). If an order was given by someone not a military superior, it would be juridically called a "military non-order" (without claim of obedience). Fundamentally, a superior is responsible for his orders and obligated to implement his instructions. He may only give orders concerning official aims and respecting international and national laws and the general directives issued by the Ministry.〔(§ 10 SG "Duties of a superior" )〕 He is fundamentally responsible for the consequences of his orders. Whenever possible, military orders should include a description of the task and its aim. This is known as ''Auftragstaktik'', and would enable subordinates to act to achieve the order's aim in changed circumstances.〔(''Befehl und gehorsam'' ) (German), treff.bundeswehr.de.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Command and obedience in the Bundeswehr」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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